The words totalitarian, authoritarian and fascist are used interchangeably, but each of them is a political system in its own right. While there are similarities and overlap, there are important differences that can help us critique the direction in which American politics is heading.
Donald Trump has said that if (or in his mind when) he is elected, he will be a dictator from day one. What the three political systems have in common is that each requires a singular political leader who demands ultimate allegiance. The difference is in the system that surrounds them to carry out their “vision.” A dictator is one who exercises complete authority and has absolute power. They are subject to no checks or balances to prevent the abuse of power.
Twentieth century dictators included Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist part of the Soviet Union; Adolph Hitler, Fuhrer of Germany; Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile; Mao Zedone, Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party; Benito Mussolini of Italy; and Kim Jong-un of North Korea.
“Totalitarianism, fascism and authoritarianism are all forms of government characterized by a strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression.”
In totalitarianism, there is unlimited power in the state. It controls virtually all aspects of public and private life, morals and beliefs of the people and political and financial matters. “One distinct feature of a totalitarian government is the existence of an explicit or implied national ideology–a set of beliefs intended to give meaning and direction to the entire society. Totalitarianism is typically distinguished from dictatorship…by its goals of replacing all existing political institutions with new ones and elimination of all legal, social and political traditions.”
An authoritarian state has a strong central government and allows people a limited degree of political freedom. However, it is all controlled by the government without any constitutional accountability. Its leaders cannot be replaced through freely conducted elections. The ability to form opposing political parties is limited or prohibited entirely.
Fascism is the most extreme expression of totalitarianism and authoritarianism. It is characterized by the “…imposition of dictatorial power, government control of industry and commerce, and the forcible suppression of opposition. Historically, fascism has kept nations in a constant state of preparedness for war. There is also a quest for ‘racial purity’ that defines anyone other than white Europeans as inferior.” Fascists see democracy and free/fair elections as obsolete. They also emphasize one party rule to accomplish their perpetual readiness for war.
What these repressive forms of government have in common is that concern for the common good is eliminated. To accomplish their goals, these regimes will divert resources from social safety net programs like Women Infants and Children (WIC), Medicaid and Medicare, Social Security, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), early childhood intervention programs and more. All resources are directed toward whatever goals the regime has stated as primary. It creates widespread suffering among the poorest of the poor. Further, it makes those on the bottom of the middle class downwardly mobile into the working poor.
These governmental regimes also tend to create wealthy oligarchs who control the nature and the means of production. Unions are dismantled and worker protections are eliminated in the name of increased productivity for the regime’s stated goals. Wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few at the expense of the many.
Further, such regimes often adopt a singular “religious” emphasis that corresponds to their goals and suppresses all other forms of religious expression as dangerous. There can also be propaganda that lulls religious institutions into a state of complacency. This was clearly on display in Nazi Germany when the German church was hypnotized into a coma that was blind to the atrocities committed by the Nazis.
What this means to us as people of faith is that we must remain alert to the implications of proposed and hinted at changes to our democracy. Government is intended to be “of the people, by the people and for the people.” This means that governmental system, structure and process should benefit the greatest number of people, beginning with the poorest of the poor. Jesus’ primary concern was for the poor, the outcast and the needy. He regularly criticized the powers for treading on that vulnerable population. He advocated for a radical redistribution of goods and services to benefit the neediest among them.
We are tempted to check our faith at the door in favor of some distorted view of the separation of church and state. In fact, the establishment clause of the Bill of Rights was intended to assure that there would not be a state sponsored church (as there was in England). Further, the first amendment guarantees the right of free exercise of religion. We cannot allow the demands of our faith to be eclipsed by our sense of hopelessness, powerlessness and despair. We must listen carefully to the hyperbole and doublespeak that seeks to lull us into either a false sense of security or an utter mental check out of the process because we are so disillusioned. This is the goal of disinformation and gaslighting political rhetoric.
In this time, we must be “wise as serpents and innocent as doves.” (Matthew 10:16)
Resources
Longley, Robert. “Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, and Fascism.” ThoughtCo. December 5, 2022.
The Irreverent Reverend 