History is written by the winners. They get to shape the narrative, decide which story is told and how it is told. Black history is the invisible history of our country and has scarcely been told. There are hundreds of thousands of stories that remain in the shadows. Heroes and heroines, the brave and brilliant, the robust and resilient; they are the unseen backbone of our nation. Here are a few of their stories, appearing in no particular order. This is why we need Black History Month.
- Captain Richard D. Macom of Birmingham, Alabama earned a degree in mathematics in 1942. A year later, he joined the Army Air Force and two years later graduated and joined the 302nd Fighter Squadron. He flew multiple missions and was eventually shot down and held as a prisoner of war for nine months. He received the Air Medal and a Purple Heart. He retired in 1945 with the rank of Captain.
- Louise Celia Fleming was the first African American to graduate from the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia. She graduated in 1895 and was appointed by the Women’s Missionary Foreign Mission Society to serve as a medical missionary to Upper Congo. She was known for the quality care she provided and for training local Congolese men and women in basic medical skills so that people of the region had localized access to care.
- Frederick McKinely Jones is responsible for the refrigeration system for trucks and railroad cars. He received a patent in 1942. During WWII his invention preserved blood, medicine and food for use in army hospitals and open battlefields.
- Selma Burke created the portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt that was later featured on the US dime. She never received credit or remuneration for her work.
- Huey P. Newton was co-founder of the Black Panther Party. He had a Ph.D. in Social Science. During its brief existence the Black Panthers founded health care clinics, schools and social centers for blacks in poor neighborhoods.
- Clara Belle Drisdal Williams was the first African American graduate of New Mexico State University. Many of her professors would not allow her to sit in the classroom, so she took notes from the hallway. She also was not allowed to walk with her class to get her degree. She became a great teacher of black students by day; and by night she taught their parents, former slaves, home economics. In 1961, New Mexico State University named a street after her and in 2005 the English department building was named after her. In 1980 she was awarded an honorary doctorate and the University apologized for the treatment she had been subjected to as a student.
- Cathay Williams was the first documented black woman to enlist in the US Army. She served as an Army cook during the Civil War and traveled with infantry units as they moved from state to state. In 1866 she enlisted in the Army and was assigned to the 38th US Infantry, the Buffalo Soldiers, and traveled throughout the west with her unit. She was not discovered to be a woman until 1868. She was subsequently honorably discharged.
- Claudette Colvin refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus long before Rosa Parks. She was 15. She challenged the driver and was subsequently arrested. She was the first woman detained for her resistance in the Civil Rights Movement.
- Bessie Coleman was the first licensed Black pilot in the world. Coleman went to flight school in France in 1919 and paved the way for a new generation of diverse fliers like the Tuskegee airmen, Blackbirds, and the Flying Hobos.
- Phillis Wheatley was the first Black woman to publish a book of poetry. She had no formal education as she was a slave of the Wheatley family during the mid-1700’s.
- Gwendolyn Brooks was the first Black author to win the Pulitzer Prize in 1950 for her work, Annie Allen. She served as poetry consultant to the Library of Congress and was poet laureate of the state of Illinois.
- Jane Bolin was the first Black woman to attend Yale Law School in 1931. She became the first Black female judge in the US in 1939. She advocated throughout her life for people to be hired on the basis of their skills and not their skin color.
There are so many more stories that remain untold: extraordinary women and men who overcame horrific circumstances to make courageous and lasting contributions to our society and to our world. Telling their stories helps to balance the scales.
